Parkinson’s Disease is a chronic and progressive disease of the nervous system and it became worse over time. It is the second most common neurological disorder. In ordinary Conditions, nerve cells exhibit in cerebrum and delivers a neurotransmitter called dopamine that oversees a development, feelings, and co-appointment yet because of unhealthy individual dopamine creation, hence the individual end up with control the development ordinarily. In Germany, has a lifetime prevalence of between 0.1 and 0.3% of the population

Million individuals affected with Parkinson’s globally. Several studies and theories are considering the danger factors and the protecting measures for the onset of the Parkinson, though the results were imperfect and foreseeable. The neuroepidemiology of PD is very complex with susceptibility genes and several modifiable risk factors that can increase and others that can mitigate risks and outcomes

The identification of PD is difficult in earlier stages, it goes on at the end the result is not obtained. There is no direct treatment for PD and there is no biopsy reports or scan reports that confirm the diagnosis. At present, there is no cure for PD. Medication is given in 3 stages: Initial stage includes the drug called Levodopa, which increase the monoamine neurotransmitter in the brain, the second stage shows less severe PD symptoms and the third stage will help to manage the non-motor symptoms as well as depression. Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Computed Tomogram are used by many physicians to find out other relating Parkinson’s diseases such as encephalitis, Tumours, Hydrocephalus. Dopamine level release and activity of the brain can easily detect using PET and SPECT examining

The introduction about Levodopa and the demonstration that dopamine loss is the key pathological feature of PD have revolutionized the field of PD therapeutics. In most cases of Parkinson’s disease, protein deposits called Lewy Bodies. It is unclear whether Lewy bodies play an important role in killing nerve cells or just part of the cells which are responsible to the Parkinson’s disease. Nearly 15 percent of people with PD have motor symptoms that are not controlled with levodopa. A group of drugs that act directly on dopaminergic reports called dopamine against is used as adjuncts to levodopa in the treatment of PD

Parkinson’s disease is not a life-threatening condition. With time, the illness will bring more problems with speech, movement, and brain functioning. Parkinson’s disease is usually accompanied by additional problems, which may be cured, and they are thinking difficulties, swallowing, depression and emotional changes, sleep difficulties, constipation, blood pressure changes, fatigue, pain, and some complications are Insomnia, Urinary Incontinence, Paraesthesia

Parkinson’s disease is originated from the gradual loss of cells in the substantia nigra of the brain. This is mainly responsible for the assembly of neurotransmitter. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter which transmits signals between two regions of the brain to coordinate activities like the movement of limbs. If there is a deficiency in dopamine production results in loss of coordination and end up with the symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease. The disease progresses, various areas of the brain and nervous system degenerate to boot inflicting a lot of movement disorder

To develop a drug or treatment for Parkinson’s disease observational study is being conducted by a scientist in a laboratory to provide patients with a better life. Clinical trials are performed to slow down the rate of suffering and reduce the symptoms. There is no cure for PD as far, but researchers improved more treatment. Trails help to reduce the risk factors. Trails are the best way to find out whether a new treatment is safe, is a benefit to patients, is more effective, is that improving the quality of life with PD

Free radicles have both beneficial and baleful effect on human body parts. Oxidative stress is known to cause many neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. With oldness, there is a typical failure of the dopamine-producing neurons. In some of the rare situation’s symptoms are seen in children and terms is referred to as Juvenile Parkinsonism

It is important to develop a PD management plan because it is a chronic disease. The individual should get practiced maintaining the stress levels and depression by daily communicating with close people, friends, colleagues. Patients can improve life by following Instructions given by the counsellor. Managing life with PD includes building a healthcare team with proper Doctors, proper intake of medications, exercises, nutritional drink, and proper sleep

Risk factors for the PD mainly depend on age, hereditary, sex and exposure to toxins. The causes of the diseases are believed to be either genetic or environmental. Symptoms and progression of disease will not be the same among the suffering individuals but people with Parkinson’s are at a higher rate of developing related risks. Parkinson’s disease has a chance of creating mental ailment which can be mild or serious. It includes cognition, mood, behavior which are considered as major impairment when compared to normal populational. The common mood swings seen in the patients are despair, eagerness, indifference Melanoma, Neurogenic, Orthostatic Hypotension, Executive dysfunction, Orthostatic hypertension. Now a day’s Head Injury and Gene variation are in addition to an element of PD

Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including the death of neurons. Many neurodegenerative diseases – including Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and Huntington's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, – occur as a result of neurodegenerative processes. The greatest risk factor for neurodegenerative diseases is aging. Mitochondrial DNA mutations as well as oxidative stress both contribute to aging. Many of these diseases are late onset, meaning there is some factor that changes as a person ages for each disease. One constant factor is that in each disease, neurons gradually lose function as the disease progresses with age. It has been proposed that DNA damage accumulation provides the underlying causative link between aging and neurodegenerative disease

Huntington’s disease (HD) is a fatal genetic disorder usually inherited from Parents and often many describe the symptoms of HD as having Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s disease simultaneously. Symptoms usually appear between the ages of 30 to 50 and worsen over a 10 to 25 every year. The weak people tend to have pneumonia, Heart failure, and other complications. Every person who inherits the expanded HD gene will eventually develop the Huntington disease. Over a period, HD affects the individual’s ability to reason, walk and speak. In approximately 10% of cases have HD in children or adolescents. The symptoms of Juvenile HD are somewhat different than adult-onset HD and it includes Stiffness or awkward walking, increased clumsiness and changes in speech. The ability of learning skills may tend to decline, and the child may lose skills

According to studies more than men, women were mostly affected by Bradykinesia. It is a reduced pace in bodily movements of a person. Parkinson’s has four key symptoms, in that Bradykinesia is one among them. Parkinson’s is also called "Idiopathic parkinsonism", meaning parkinsonism with no identifiable cause

Ataxia is a degenerative disease of the nervous system. Many symptoms of Ataxia can mimic those of being drunk - slurred speech, stumbling, falling, and incoordination. All are related to degeneration of the part of the brain, called the cerebellum that is responsible for coordinating movement. Ataxia is a disease that affects people of all ages. Age of symptom-onset can vary widely, from childhood to late adulthood. Complications from the disease are serious, oftentimes debilitating, and can be life-shortening. Ataxia is an umbrella term used to classify a group of diseases that include: Ataxia Telangiectasia, Episodic Ataxia, Friedreich’s Ataxia, Multiple System Atrophy, Spinocerebellar Ataxia, Sporadic Ataxia

Aphasia is an inability to comprehend or formulate language because of damage to specific brain regions. This damage is typically caused by a cerebral vascular accident (stroke), or head trauma; however, these are not the only possible causes. In Aphasia, a person's speech or language will be significantly impaired in one (or several) of the four communication modalities following acquired by brain injury or have significant decline over a short time period. The four communication modalities are auditory comprehension, verbal expression, reading and writing, and functional communication

Alzheimer’s is caused by cerebrum cell demise and it is a neurological issue in which the demise of cerebrum cells causes memory misfortune and intellectual decrease. Dementia is a general form term for a decline in ability severe enough to interface with daily life. Alzheimer’s is the most common type of dementia. Memory loss is an example. The disease progress in different stages: Early, Moderate and Advanced stages. Early stage is Tremor, it is the first symptom. As it continues it will lead to Dementia in few cases. Some of the complications include Dementia of Alzheimer’s Disease, Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease, Stroke related Dementia, Young onset Dementia

Presently Deep brain stimulator is widely recommended for improving people suffering from Parkinson’s disease. There will be no effect by using DBS to healthy brain tissue by terminating nerve cells. Instead of that, the procedure blocks electrical signals from targeted areas in the brain

The most used drug for treating Parkinson’s disease is Levodopa which has a higher frequency to develop motor fluctuations and results in L-dopa induced dyskinesia (LID). Researchers propose novel ideas to treat Parkinson’s disease to decrease the risk of causing side effects, the frequency of dyskinesia, to treat cognitive disorders such as Anxiety and depression